I am very proud to announce that OT Rocks! has it’s first guest post!
Isaac is a respiratory therapist, and a very cool cat. The following is his post- showing just how important and amazing respiratory therapy is.
Hello, my name is Isaac. I am a Respiratory Therapist working in a very large medical center. Have you ever wondered what a Respiratory Therapist(RT) does for a living? Well, my Occupational Therapist friend Mariel, has asked me to give you a behind the scenes look into what we RTs do after we clock in…
What is the definition of an Respiratory Therapist? We are licensed, board certified, clinicians that manage and treat patients with cardiopulmonary disease. The following pulmonary disease processes are good examples of what we see most: congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, lung transplants, COPD, pneumonia, asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, bronchitis, etc… We also manage patients with no pulmonary disease. For example: trauma patients, surgical patients, stroke patients, heart transplants, myocardial infarctions… We could easily end up with a patient workload anywhere in the hospital. The Emergency Department, Trauma, The various ICUs, the Floors, the NICU, the PACU, and the Pulmonary Function Lab, and the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department are full of patients that need to see a Respiratory Therapist.
Effective patient assessment is probably the most important quality in becoming a strong Respiratory Therapist. That means performing a thorough patient interview, followed by a physical examination. Breath sounds, blood pressure, respiratory rate, pulse, oxygen saturations, level of consciousness, pain scale, along with any fears or concerns the patient may have. Next, a review of the patient H&P is always a good idea. This gives the therapist a background on what has happened in the past, and how it relates to what is happening currently. RTs are required to look up and identify any remarkable/abnormal lab values daily. Complete blood count, arterial blood gases, temperature fluctuations, microbiology reports and cultures, urine output and fluid balance, and any diagnostic reports such as chest x-rays, MRI’s, CT scans, etc… All are considered pertinent information, and when combined, these factors all directly influence our decision making process and guide the recommendations that we make.
We deliver various forms of oxygen therapy, all inhaled medications, chest physiotherapy, lung expansion therapy, etc… But our specialty is mechanical ventilation. This intervention is triggered when a patient is unable to maintain an appropriate breathing pattern, and they are heading toward respiratory failure. One form of mechanical ventilation is “non-invasive”(with a sealed mask that covers a patient’s face) to assist with spontaneous breathing. More commonly used though, is straight up “invasive” mechanical ventilation. This means we have an endotracheal tube (breathing tube) in a patient’s airway to control their breathing pattern. RTs manage all intubated patients, and the ventilators they are connected to. Most of our healthcare colleagues are happy to leave this role to us, as it is fairly complex. We like that very much, as people tend to not touch our ventilators.
RTs are 1/3 of the Code Blue Team in any hospital setting. An MD, a Critical Care RN, and a Critical Care RT, make up the response team that assesses, pushes drugs, delivers chest compressions, electrical shocks, and ventilate patients back to life. Although more than 20 people regularly show up to most “Codes”, only three are actually touching the patient. Responding to “Codes” are another part of our job. During these emergencies, the entire team is trained to follow the “ABC’s” of emergency medicine. This means Airway 1st, Breathing 2nd, then Circulation 3rd. If the code leads to an intubation, we typically place the patient on a portable ventilator then transport them to the ICU for further management.
Chronic patient management is another large part of our day. To keep chronic patients from developing acute exacerbations, and to treat/prevent infection, we deliver a wide spectrum of inhaled medications and gases. These can be anti-fungals, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, mucolytics, hypertonic solutions, experimental medications, nitric oxide, heliox, oxygen, or even plain inhaled sterile water. Patient education is huge for us here, since upon discharge, we need our patients to understand how to properly administer and differentiate their various medications and gases.
Oxygen is a drug! RTs are responsible for assessing patients and selecting an appropriate oxygen delivery device to meet the patient’s demands. Sounds simple, but it is never that cut and dry. At our particular hospital, we have over a dozen types of oxygen delivery systems that all fit very specific needs. Our role is to identify the best system for a particular patient, and keep their O2 saturations at an acceptable level. We like to keep saturations above 92 at our facility. Any variations below or too high above this range are good indicators that it is time to manipulate or reconsider your current device. In addition to this, we always advocate for discontinuing oxygen therapy when it is no longer indicated.
Lastly, when our patients develop large amounts of retained secretions in their airways, it is our job to perform airway clearance. This is accomplished by initiating chest physiotherapy. This is when RTs physically loosen the retained secretions in a patient’s chest by vibrating the chest wall with various mechanical devices. Some are like chest jackhammers, while others resemble mini subwoofers. They all effectively force secretions out of the airways. These therapy sessions are always followed by coughing and/or suctioning to improve our patient’s breathing and overall lung function. This is never pleasant for the patient, but is a necessary evil that clears unwelcome pulmonary secretions better than almost any other intervention.
I could go on with more, but I think this is a fair overview of some of the main components of an RTs job.
Therapists Unite!